FiveBooks Interviews

Gayle Lemmon on Women and War

When war comes, women pick up the pieces, providing for families and taking up jobs previously done by men. Increasingly, women are to be found on the frontlines of combat too, as the author and journalist explains

Your bestselling book The Dressmaker of Khair Khana revolves around a burqa-clad entrepreneur who started her business under Taliban rule. You’ve suggested that this story could have easily occurred in World War I. What is timeless about the story and about women’s struggles during war in general?

When we think about war stories we always think about men. Yet it’s women who make sure that their families get through conflict, it’s women who make sure that their families can eat, and it’s women who make sure that there's a place to go back to when the fighting is over. And increasingly, it's women who are under fire. Yet we never think about war stories as belonging to women. We see women's stories as being soft, but the work that women do during war is very hard.

I wrote The Dressmaker of Khair Khana because in 2005 I met a young woman in Afghanistan who told me about her business, and how earning an income earned respect in traditional countries. I asked, “I'm barely 30 and I'm pretty sure you're younger. How do you know this much about business?” She said, as though it was natural, “I had this great business under the Taliban, who supported women in my neighborhood.” In many ways it was the Taliban who made her an entrepreneur, because she had family counting on her to support them. It’s a timeless story, because women have always found ways to get their families through war and almost never get the credit for it. That's what I saw in the story of my book.

Your five books concern different conflicts and different roles women play during war. Let’s start with The Selected Letters of Martha Gellhorn. Tell us about this famous journalist and her correspondence.

Martha Gellhorn was one of the first modern women war reporters, and she faced a real challenge in getting access. This collection includes a lot of letters about her struggle to get to the front. She fought for an official way into D-Day, and ended up covertly taking a boat over when the Army put up obstacles. She’s funny, charming and compelling about why gender shouldn’t keep her from being able to cover war.

In a letter of June 24, 1944, she says, “Women correspondents have not appointed me their spokesman and I do not wish to imply that I'm writing this letter on behalf of anyone except myself. I simply call attention to the general problem because there is an injustice here, which affects nineteen people.” There were 19 women trying to get accreditation. She said, “I have too frequently received the impression that women war correspondents were an irritating nuisance who very tiresomely kept asking to be allowed to do their job. I wish to point out that none of us would have our jobs unless we knew how to do them and the curious condescending treatment is as ridiculous as it is undignified.” She goes on to say, “I cannot continue to fail on my mission through no fault of my own.  It is necessary that I report on this war.  The people at home need the most constant and extensive information and my share of that work, humble as it may seem, is my obligation as a citizen.”

It's a fantastic quote. But aside from reporting her share, do women reporters bring anything special to covering conflict zones?

Oftentimes they're almost the only ones who are interested in what women are doing, because the main event is seen as men with guns. Yet if you look at how the economy keeps going, how families keep eating, how homes remain standing, it's because women pull families through despite incredible obstacles. Plus in traditional societies like Afghanistan, it's much easier for women to have access to other women's stories. For The Dressmaker, there's no way that a man could have conducted interviews with women who had never met foreigners. A male reporter would not have been invited inside their homes. Family members would never have allowed it. So without women reporters many stories would go untold.

Let’s move onto Emma’s War, the true story of a British aid worker who became a Sudanese warlord’s wife.

Emma's War looks at how women who enter conflict zones to assist, at times end up getting caught up in the chaos and pathos of war. It's a story of one woman's experience, an aid worker who became the second wife of a Sudanese warlord. It's a journey about idealism and the realities on the ground. And it asks a lot of really powerful questions about what aid does, what aid stops and what aid prolongs. Emma’s War does something that I really tried to do – it brings to life a place that most people will never see and a time that will never be again, in this case Sudan during the 90s. Idealism collides with reality in a number of very painful ways.

What does this strange story tell us about the role of women in war?

It shows what happens when foreign aid workers get caught in the middle of a conflict. When you come face to face with combat, seeing it on the ground really changes you. Emma's War really reflects what happens when you get caught up in conflict, and what happens when – through no part of your own – you are stranded in the middle of it.

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About Gayle Lemmon

Gayle Lemmon is contributing editor for Newsweek and The Daily Beast, and deputy director of the Council on Foreign Relations’ Women and Foreign Policy programme. She worked for ABC News for nearly 10 years, and reported on entrepreneurs in conflict and post-conflict regions for The Financial Times and The New York Times. Lemmon has published papers on women and business for the World Bank and Harvard Business School, where she earned her MBA. A former Fulbright scholar, she serves on the board of the International Center for Research on Women. Her book The Dressmaker of Khair Khana was a New York Times bestseller

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